Description THE PROJECT FOLLOWS MANY ASPECTS. THESE ARE RIGUROUS AND LOGICAL LINKED IN AN UNITARY THEORY. 1. RISK LEVEL DETERMINATION FOR EACH EQUIPMENT FROM A INFORMATIC SYSTEM, FOR EACH PROGRAM AND USER. THAT IS A START POINT TO IMPLEMENT SECURITY EXTENTS IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE THREATS IMPACT AGAINST ANY ACTIVITY OF ANY ORGANIZATION INFORMATIC SYSTEM. 2. CREATING AN UNITARY AND RIGOROUS METHODOLOGY FOR SECURITY EXTENTS PLAN. SECURITY EXTENTS RESOLUTION IS TAKEN RIGOROUSLY AFTER LABORIOUS DETERMINATIONS AND IT IS REASONABLE IN CASE OF RESIDUAL RISK IS ACCEPTED BY MANAGER. THEY TAKE CARE OF IMPLEMENTATION EXPENSES IN ORDER TO REDUCE RISK AND TO RECOVER THE BUSINESS IN CASE OF DISASTER. 3. CREATING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL THAT IS ABLE TO GUARANTEE THE OPTIMAL ACCOMPLISH OF DESIRES FROM POINTS WE HAVE DISCUSSED BEFORE. THE MATHEMATICAL APPARATUS IMPLIES ANALITICAL GEOMETRY OF PLANE CURVES SOLVED THROUGH EXPLICITE OR PARAMETRIC ECQUATIONS. BASE CURVE IS RISK ACCEPTANCE CURVE. OTHER CURVES ARE PARALLEL TO BASE CURVE, CORRESPONDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE STANDARD AND ARE USED IN PARAMETRICAL FORMS. IF THE PARAMETRES NUMBER IS VERY BIG THEN THE MODEL BECOMES TOO COMPLEX AND MUST USE ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS BASED ON A DECREASING GRADIENT. 4. TO ELABORATE THE APPROPRIATE ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND TO VALIDATE THEM THROUGH INFORMATIC PILOT SYSTEMS. THE TEAM RESEARCH HAS A GOOD COMPETENCE IN RISK LEVEL VALUATION AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS THEORY.
The distinctive mission of the Center for Robotics and Automation (CRA) in its current phase is thus it to study, design and build robots able to perform able to perform complex tasks, to learn from examples and experience, to associate past and present situation, to predict the outcome of actions and act consequently and to communicate in meaningful, “natural” way and to express emotions and act socially. These are all capabilities seen in the creatures of the natural world, which requires some serious research to duplicate in the machine. This mission requires the parallel, synergic development of bodyware technologies in fields such as micro-mechatronics, solid state sensors, electric, hydraulic, pseudo-elastic actuators, advanced materials, computational architectures, embedded systems, innovative power supply as well as mindware technologies such as recognition and generalization, reasoning, learning and memory and cognitive processes. With this idea in mind, the CRA focuses on studying, designing and building at an unprecedented level of resolution “intelligent systems” in their widest sense. Researchers at CRA will also study natural systems to transfer biological solutions into new technologies. Figure 1 depicts the hypothetical neural circuits of humanoid brain. A very ambitious target of CRA is the understanding of the rules and cellular mechanisms underlining the modification of neuronal connectivity (humanoid brain) triggered by environmental changes. This research should lead to the design of humanoids with the capability to learn and adapt to the environment. The CRA strategy can be condensed into the following two areas of activities: 1. Humanoid Research – Design and build artificial systems that can perceive act and learn autonomously, whilst also being able to interact with humans in a natural way. 2. Interaction Research – Interface threes systems to humans, for example through teleoperation, telepresence and gesture, up to the frontier of direct connection to the nervous system. In a telepresence functional context the human operator controls the execution of a task that is being performed remotely by a robot. Telepresence conditions are obtained through interfaces between humans and robots conveying not only rich sensory information from the robot itself but also very realistic data about the environment. Systems of this kind are said to give the operator the “sense of being there” or the sense of presence. Also in this case a strong link is evident with the study of human perception on one side and the implementation of the humanoid sensorimotor system on the other. Figure 2 shows the teleprensence architecture of humanoid robot. The idea of designing a traditional information processing system based on the traditional sequential system to act as a brain for the humanoid machine has turned out to be an unsolvable problem. To achieve a level of artificial intelligence that allows the humanoid machine to mimic the skillful behavior that we observe in animals and the human being, the humanoid would have to be equipped with brain-inspired information processing systems. The biological brain comprises of very large numbers of comparatively slow, low precision analog neurons. Our current VLSI technology, which is oriented toward the fabrication of only moderately large numbers of precisely wired, fast, high-precision digital devices is unlikely to lead to neurocomputers approximating the 15 million neurons/cm2 density of a mammalian cortex. Therefore, the idea of quantum mechanical computational device emerged when scientists were pondering the fundamental limits of computation. Since the physicist Richard Feymann began to investigate the possibility of having a quantum computing machine, quantum computing models (e.g., www.qubit.org) are now widely researched and is experiencing a huge amount of developments with respect to both algorithm and implementation research. Quantum computing would be very much faster, significantly miniaturized, and would be able to solve problems which are practically unsolvable by classical computers. The idea of quantum computation can be understood from the theory of information and theory of computation. After all, what is information? Well, whatever it is, it is something that can be encoded and stored in the state of physical system. And since we live in a world that is fundamentally quantum-mechanical, that means that information is something that can be encoded in a quantum state. And what is computation? Well, it is something that can be carried out on an actual physically realizable device. And in our quantum-mechanical world, that means a device that evolves according to the laws of quantum dynamics. Therefore, a quantum computer is a computer that makes essential use of quantum-mechanical principles. The first reason that we are excited about the idea of quantum computing is that quantum computers can in principle solve hard problems, problems so difficult that they are beyond the reach of foreseeable digital computers. Second, the notion of a quantum computer is not merely a mathematical abstraction. Real hardware can be constructed, and effort is underway in several laboratories to build rudimentary quantum computing devices. There are however, several problems with quantum computing. The main problem of using quantum systems is to choose an algorithmic model which is compatible with quantum laws. As some may know, quantum mechanics dictates that there is no way to fully measure the state of a quantum system. This and other specific properties of quantum systems must be taken into account. Furthermore, a very serious obstacle must be overcome if quantum computers are ever to be computers – quantum computers are much more prone to making errors than conventional computers, and a method must be found to control these errors for a quantum computer. This is known as quantum error correction. Another challenge for quantum computing is to implement the classical Turing-based logic-gate computing in quantum systems. This is a major branch of research in quantum computing. What this basically means is that a mathematical model has to be developed to allow the calculations that currently functions in our semiconductor-based computers to also work in the quantum computers of the future. The benefits of quantum computing however are numerous. If we can achieve a usable quantum computing model which is essentially a very simple system, we can achieve a greatly improved level of miniaturization and implement fast quantum devices without logic gates. Our recent research work shows that the quantum neural networks we proposed is in principle, be realized without need for special devices, except for encoding and decoding using personal computer. In addition, no special mechanisms are needed for quantum error-correction, since it is done spontaneously by the quantum neural network’s learning process. This has important consequences for foundations of physics and informatics as well as humanoid intelligence research. One of many possible applications is quantum object recognition for humanoid robot.
Equipment fault diagnosis plays an important role in building services, public utilities, transportations, manufacturing, and printing industry. It represents productivity, product quality and life of machinery. However, the present diagnostics tools are complicated, expensive and incapable of detecting randomly occurred faults. Therefore, many failure warning could be missed and ultimately, lead to fatal breakdown of equipment and human casualities. Fault diagnosis and prognosis system share a number of operating and design characteristics: • These systems are data centric. Monitoring and analysis of sensor data and domain specific knowledge is critical to diagnostic process. • They typically require complex interactions among multiple agents or stakeholders. • They are often distributed. • They need to provide supporting or qualifying evidence for the diagnosis or prognosis offered. • They can be businces critical, and typically have stringent dependability requirements. The emerging Grid computing paradigm appears to offer an inherently practical framework in which to build and manage sytems to meet these requirements. The Grid is a name that was first coined in 1990s to describe a vision for a distributed computing infrastructure for advanced science projects. Now the third generation grid is combining service-oriented architecture concepts and Web services technologies to create Open Grid Services Architecture(OGSA). According to OGSA, a grid service is basically a Web service, which is a set of internet based distributed processes. Now the promise of Grid services is to enable a distributed environment in which any number of applications can interoperate seamlessly among organizations in a platform-neutral, language-neutral fashion on the Grid. Since the fault diagnosis and prognosis systems are data centric and often distributed the emerging Grid Computing paradigm appears to be an efficient practical framework for building this Smart Condition Monitoring System. The Grid-enabled Smart Condition Monitoring Systems is composed of various state-of-the-art techniques such as grid-computing, wireless and mobile communication and rigorous soft-computing techniques for practical and effective equipment health monitoring and prognosis. It is a low-cost, protable, versatile, and easy-to-use system and can perform equipment health monitoring either on-site or remotely via the internet, wireless or mobile communication. Research methodology The architecture of this Grid-enabled Smart Condition Monitoring Systems allows users to consolidate performance data of their geographically dispersed equipments. Once consolidated, the system will use data mining techniques to effectively mine knowledge from equipment performance data which will then be passed on to an intelligent decision-making and autonomous learning system. Several technologies will be utilized and developed in this endeavor, namely: 1.Remote Condition Monitoring System. 2.Autonomous Intelligent Learning (Artificial Intelligence) System (AILS). 3.Grid Computing (GC). Data mining techniques are based on soft-computing (AI) techniques such as fuzzy logics, neural networks, evolutionary optimization, to name a few. These techniques are used to obtain outcomes of data mining such as: 1. Feature extraction from sensor data. 2. Fault diagnosis and classification of machine failure modes. 3. Remaining useful life prediction or time-to-failure prediction. 4. Confidence interval of prediction Utilizing our core technology, the system will then predict potential imminent equipment failure. In this novel system architecture, complete diagnosistics and prognostics are implemented. The role of the diagnosistic and prognostic algorithms is to provide conitnious on-line fault detection, time-to-failure information and prediction confidence intervals. The research outcomes includes an innovative electronic accelerometer and acoustic sensors for equipment fault maintenance, an internet/intranet based remote equipment monitoring and worldwide collaborative maintenance, cost-effective virtual instruments for maintenance, an intelligent equipment remnant life evaluation and prediction system. To support the machine fault diagnostics and prognostics, a methodology is proposed to integrate the suites of modeling, estimation and analysis tools for fault diagnosis and prognosis on the Grid. The advantages of providing the fault diagnosis using Grid service identified by a URI, whose public interfaces and bindings are defined and described using XML. Grid service can be invoked simultaneously in different “Virtual Organisations” for different applications. Furthermore the service itself is distributed among a set of high-performance computers on the Grid.
SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND Object-orientation represents a cardinal principle for several modelling, analysis and design methodologies for complex systems, developed in many different application domains. In fact, the term “object-oriented” has been introduced within the Software Engineering discipline, in order to address design and programming techniques based on the definition of modular systems, composed of a set of interacting elements. However, the conceptual approach of these techniques is applicable also to model complex dynamical systems, like those composed of heterogeneous physical elements (mechanical components, electrical circuits, etc.), or to model and design modular and distributed control systems. In each one of the mentioned application domains, the object-oriented approach permits to face the difficulties that arise when modelling or designing large and complex systems, thanks to the decomposition of the complete system into simpler sub-systems or to the reuse of basic components previously obtained. Moreover, object-orientation allows to define the features and the behaviour of all the identical components, by means of their typing classification, and to create new types through the extension of pre-existing types with additional features or refined behaviour. The growing interest of the industry in modelling and design methodologies based on the object-oriented approach, even for Industrial Automation applications, has been one of the most important motivating reasons for the researches carried out at the Department of Engineering of the University of Ferrara, related to the development of formal methodologies for the design and verification of logic controllers for manufacturing systems. During this research activity, as reported in the publications of the bibliography, it has been formally defined an extension of the object-oriented modelling language UML (Unified Modelling Language), in order to support the design of complex distributed logic control systems and their verification with Model Checking techniques. Recently, that language has been further extended in order to include also the possibility to model the dynamics of physical systems, by means of the mathematical formalization of the structure, the interconnection and the behaviour of an object-oriented system as a Port-Hamiltonian system. In the mathematical model of a Port-Hamiltonian system, two approaches are combined: the Hamiltonian approach, which has its roots in analytical mechanics and in the Hamiltonian equations of motion, and the network approach, based on the theory of electrical circuits and the Kirchhoff’s principles. By combining these approaches, the Port-Hamiltonian framework allows to describe physical systems of any kind, even if their components stem from different physical domains, since each element of a system is classified, independently of its nature, as an energy storing element, which therefore stores also an information of the state of the system, an energy dissipating element or a source of energy, and the interaction between components is given by the exchange of energy through a generalized interconnection network. Thanks to the introduction of these concepts in the unified language defined during the research activity mentioned before, it is therefore possible to model both the continuous dynamics of a physical system and the discrete events dynamics of a logic control system interacting with the physical plant, keeping at the same time an object-oriented vision of the complete system. The proposed approach allows, on one hand, to define in a modular and extensible way the interconnection of physical sub-systems and logic control modules, but, on the other hand, requires to formalise the closed-loop system as an hybrid system and, therefore, to apply analysis and verification techniques specifically designed for systems with hybrid dynamics. The most interesting application domain for the modelling techniques described before is certainly the one concerned with automated systems for the manufacturing industry. In this domain, the physical plants controlled by automation systems are often characterized by heterogeneous nature, such that they are typically referred to as “mechatronic” systems. When considering complex mechatronic systems, the object-oriented approach permits to obtain several benefits during both modelling and simulation activities and control design activities. Nevertheless, even if the structure and the interconnection of sub-systems of a manufacturing machine can be, in general, precisely defined, it is not equally simple to set the numerical parameters characterizing its dynamics, like, for example, friction coefficients, size of backlash effects and so on. The estimation of uncertain parameters for complex mechatronic systems is an important problem that must be solved in order to apply the proposed modelling techniques to practical case studies, although this aspect is not exhaustively addressed by the current literature related to Port-Hamiltonian systems. For example, some approaches described in the literature related to parameter identification for dynamic processes are based on Bond Graphs, but not on their formalization in terms of Port-Hamiltonian systems, or on piecewise affine models or hybrid models. Since 20 years, several research studies concerning modelling, identification and parameter estimation techniques for dynamic systems have been carried on at the Engineering Department of the University of Ferrara. In these researches several kind of mathematical descriptions have been used, including: linear multivariable models, multi-structural models, bilinear models, compartmental models, EIV (errors-in-variables) models. Thanks to the cooperation with several national and international research centres and Italian companies, these techniques have been applied within different fields, in order to model: oil recovery processes, eutrophication phenomena of the Adriatic Sea, induction motors, electromagnetic fuel injector, heat exchangers, distillation columns, gas turbines and gas storage processes. Furthermore, whenever the system under study is characterized by a nonlinear dynamics, fuzzy systems and piecewise affine models have been successfully exploited. Some of the models identified in the mentioned references, in particular those concerning industrial applications, have been adopted for the design of automatic fault detection and isolation procedures based on the analytical redundancy principle. PROJECT TOPICS Analysis and design of many engineering systems require the knowledge of accurate mathematical models, for both the simulation and the synthesis of suitable control laws. By following an object-oriented approach and, in particular, by using the modelling language proposed in the scientific background and its mathematical formalization as a Port-Hamiltonian system, the process under investigation can be described as a set of multiple domain sub-systems (electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, thermal, etc.) exchanging energy and information by means of a generalized interconnection network. In order to study the behaviour of some of these subsystems it is important to understand the dynamic aspects related to energy flows, subject to the basic principles of physics and chemistry (Kirchhoff’s laws, mass conservation, energy balance, etc.). Other sub-systems are instead related to signal processing, which means that the exchange of energy does not affect with a dominant role their dynamic behaviour. Control systems are usually belonging to this kind of subsystems, which are implemented in most industrial applications by means of software programs for digital devices. The proposed approach to the modelling of complex mechatronic systems allows to obtain several benefits. The models of many components of the system under study can be described with a unified language, organized into libraries and classified according to the assumptions describing their validity context. These components can be thus reused for the modelling of other systems, tuning if necessary their characteristic parameters. Moreover, the system modelling process can be also iteratively developed, by means of subsequent refinement steps and by including additional components. Nevertheless, in order to achieve a meaningful and realistic simulation of a dynamic system, it is necessary that the numerical parameters characterizing each component of the system are as much as possible consistent with those of the actual process under investigation. This aspect is particularly important both for the validation of the model itself and the verification of designed control laws against the required specifications. The research group of the Department of Engineering of the University of Ferrara will employ the experience learned during its research activity, related to modelling, identification and parameter estimation of dynamic systems, in order to contribute to the object-oriented modelling of mechatronic systems and their controllers. In particular, the research group of Ferrara plans to focus its studies on the components of industrial machineries for manufacturing processes, starting from models characterized by a given structure and by parameters directly related to physical laws. Moreover, the research group of Ferrara will investigate which numerical techniques are most suitable for the estimation of sub-system parameters. Particular care will be given to those parameters that cannot be measured directly, (e.g., friction coefficients, backlashes, stiffness coefficients, inertia, wear and expansion) or, in any case, that need periodic adjustments. The simulation of the mechatronic sub-systems with the estimated parameters will have to provide a dynamic response able to fit as much as possible real experimental data. It is important to note that parameter identification procedures will be executed for models with constrained structure, which are always derived with simplifying hypothesis and, therefore, may neglect some minor dynamic effects (turbulences, cavitations, thermal effects, etc.). More precisely, within the modelling methodology proposed by this research project, the activity of the research group of the University of Ferrara will take care of the following aspects: (1) Analyse and define the most suitable numerical techniques to estimate parameters characterizing sub-elements of object-oriented models for physical systems, with particular regard to parameters not directly measurable or that may have a slow time-dependence and, therefore, may require periodic update of the estimation. These parameter estimation techniques, together with the assumptions that characterize their reliability, are of fundamental importance in order to guarantee the reusability of sub-models in further applications. (2) Define and formalize the approximation of sub-systems with nonlinear dynamics by means of “piecewise linear” or “piecewise affine” models. Piecewise linear or affine systems are dynamic models characterized by a switching function which, according to the operating conditions of the system, selects the linear or affine differential equation that approximate more appropriately the nonlinear dynamics. For this research topic, the focus will be on the numerical evaluation of the accuracy of the approximation of the nonlinear behaviour of physical sub-systems. (3) Investigate the diagnostic capabilities of the object-oriented models as well as the fault tolerance properties of the designed control systems in presence of identified faults. The object-oriented modelling methodology, supported by the techniques described in the items (1) and (2) of the previous list, will be applied on case studies derived from real industrial applications, in order to verify not only the consistency between experimental data and simulation results obtained with the proposed models, but also the actual benefits that the proposed methodology may offer to industrial control engineers, with particular regard to modularity and reusability of model components.
SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND Nowadays the control of dynamic systems has reached so high complexity degree that any single failure occurring in components or machinery parts of the process can waken plant safety or damage the entire system. Considerations like above raised a great concern on Fault Diagnosis and Identification (FDI) problem in scientific and industrial fields. In particular, in scientific field, analytical redundancy methodology has been employed to detect faults on sensors, actuators and plant components. Analytical redundancy methodology is based on the availability of a mathematical model of the supervised system. The difference between the real system and the model (observer) outputs, namely residual signal, is treated as a fault indicator and is used to locate the fault sources by means of an adequate processing . The current studies had carried on some researches in the FDI field, in particular studying actuators and sensors fault detection and isolation by means of Kalman Filters, Unknown Input Observer, Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems. Some of those researches had been developed through international collaborations (Prof. R.J. Patton, Hull University and Prof. M. Grimble, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK). Some of the algorithms developed to solve the FDI problem have been also tested on data from real plants in collaboration with Nuovo Pignone (General Electric), and ABB (Alstom Power). Notwithstanding large interest and effort of several researchers in solving FDI problems, several issues still open at best of proponents' knowledge in both residual generation and fault identification. RESEARCH TOPICS Using the existing work as starting point, the research program of the Ferrara group has been investigated the effectiveness of these methods when applied to complex processes, such as navigation systems of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), industrial gas turbine and chemical processes, where both the hardware and analytical redundancy exist. In Fault Detection and Isolation of such systems great care will be given to the integrity and the robustness of the solution processing architecture. Furthemore a design methodology will be developed to identify directly residual generators of minimal order with robustness properties as regards the noise corrupting the data. More in detail, the research group of Ferrara would design diagnosis systems able to detect and isolate situations of emergency linked to faults that seriously affect the performance of the subsystems of a dynamic process The following aspects will be considered in the project of the diagnosis systems: (1) Developing a methodology devoted to the identification of the "fault model", i.e. the relationship between the input-output data of the monitored system and the fault location and magnitude. (2) Studies concerning the use of linear filters to generate residual signals, with particular emphasis on the robustness versus modelling errors and noise coupled to acquired data. (3) Developing algorithms exploiting Hybrid models, Neural Networks, models and Fuzzy models for FDI in processes with non-linear behaviour. The programme described above aims to develop new methodologies in FDI field that are not yet exhaustively explored at the best of proponents' knowledge. In particular, the item (1) exhibits innovative characteristics with respect traditional FDI methodologies. In substance, the idea aims to integrate in only one step the analytical model of the monitored process with the design of the diagnostic system. The ultimate goal is to obtain a mathematical model connecting directly input and output of the monitored system with the fault indicators. As major advantages of this methodology, it can be noted that explicit model of the monitored system is not necessary. This characteristic can interest in many applications, where mathematical models can be uneconomical or simply difficult to be developed. A second important feature expected is the direct availability of occurred fault location and magnitude. Regarding the item (2), the study will be focused on the robustness characteristics versus modelling error and noise affecting acquired data (false alarm rejection). Classical and recently developed methodologies for the identification of parametric linear models, with high and low signal to noise ratio, will be developed in connection with this research topic. The work related to the item (3) aims to develop observers on the basis of hybrid models using affine submodels, identified in different work conditions of the non-linear process under investigation. Moreover residual signals will be generated on the basis of statistical methods, Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network. In particular, the goal consists in achieving either the identification of the fault (i.e. the fault location) and quantitative estimation of the fault itself. This characteristic requires the determination of an accurate residual processing procedure, so that even small variation from nominal working condition (small faults) will be detected. Such procedure can be also successful applied to the predictive maintenance problem, in which incipient faults are often announced by small variations from nominal condition.
Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composites are extensively used in aerospace, automobile, shipbuilding and other industries due to their inherent advantages of light weight, high strength to stiffness ratio along with the unique feature of tailor make capability. Directional strength can be imparted to a composite component by appropriate selection/design of stacking sequence. A very important issue in the design of laminated FRP composites is to minimize the cost and weight while maximizing the strength of the components. This can be achieved by optimal selection of laminate thickness, ply angles and material of each layer of the laminate. Because of manufacturing constraints, ply angles, ply thicknesses are to be selected from a set of discrete values and the design process becomes a discrete optimization problem. While understanding the behavior and responses of FRP composites subjected to loading is important, equally important is to select an optimum stacking sequence with an objective of maximizing strength, minimizing weight and cost while satisfying other behavioral constraints. Genetic algorithms (GA) are evolution-based approach to arrive at the solution of a given problem. In such a methodology it is possible to conduct a search or optimization through operations that are akin to what happens in biological systems. These algorithms have the advantages of a) evolving a set of solutions instead of a single solution compared to classical optimization methods, b) possibility of evolving the global optimal solutions due to the operators like mutation that facilitates access to any part of the search space, and c) inherent parallelism.
Recently Sugeno suggested another type fuzzy model to approximate a nonlinear system It is shown that this fuzzy model that can approximate the nonlinear system as precisely as necessary. We have a stability theorem that give necessary and sufficient stability conditions with respect to a quadratic Lyapunov function. This is a great advantage compared to the case of the TS model. However it still remains sufficient, not necessary since we use a quadratic Lyapunov function. We have a new idea to breakthrough this difficulty. That is to use a piece-wise quadratic approximation of a general Lyapunov function. By extending the above fuzzy model, we can obtain this approximation. Mainly we have two tasks; one is to find a computational algorithm to apply this stability conditions and the other is to apply this method to some practical problems.
This project is concerning how to use the way of weight coefficient to obtain some improvements and best extensions on the classical Hilbert-type inequalities, and to give more new Hilbert-type inequalities as well as their applications. Professor Bicheng Yang began to do research for Hilbert-type inequalities since 1995. In 1998, by introducing some independence parameters and the Beta function, he made some refinements of Lizhi Xu’s way of weight coefficient and gave some best extensions of Hardy-Hilbert’s inequality. Since then, some multiple Hilbert’s inequalities, a number of more accurate Hilbert-type inequalities, the dual Hilbert -type inequalities, the reverse Hilbert-type inequalities and a lot of new Hilbert-type inequalities with two indexes of conjugate parameters are obtained by him and his accompaniers. In 2006, he first expressed a class of Hilbert-type inequalities by the operator theory (publication in JMAA, cf. [10]). Now, he has published more 150 papers in the mathematical journals. Among them, there are 100 papers published in the journals of fremdness and kernel journal of homeland (including 27 papers embodied by SCI and 11 papers published in the Chinese authority of journals, such as《Acta Mathematica Scinica》(6),《Chinese Annals of Mathematics (A)》(3), and《Advances in Mathematics》(2) ).The following is his magnum opus: 1. On Hilbert’s integral inequality, J. Math. Anal. Appl.,1998,220,778-785. 2. On extended Hilbert’s inequality, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.,1998,126(3), 751-759. 3. On a strengthened version of the more accurate Hardy- Hilbert’s inequality, Acta Mathematica Sinica,1999,42 (6),1103-1110. 4. On the extended Hardy-Hilbert's inequality ,J. Math. Anal. & Appl.,2002,272, 187-199. 5. On a multiple Hardy-Hilbert’s integral inequality, Chinese Annals of Mathematics, 2003, 24A(6),743-750. 6. On the way of weight coefficient and research for the Hilbert-type inequalities, Math. Inequal. Appl., 2003, 6 (4),625-658. 7. On new extension of Hilbert’s inequality, Acta Math. Hungar., 2004,104(4), 291-299. 8. On a relation between Carleman’s inequality and Van der Corput’s inequality , Tawanese Journal of Mathematics, 2005,9(1),143-150. 9. A dual Hardy-Hilbert’s inequality and generalizations. Advances in Math., 2006,35(1), 102-108. 10. On the norm of an integral operator and applications. J. Math. Anal. Appl., 2006, 321, 182-192.
Decription: This project is concerning how to use the way of weight coefficient to obtain some improvements and best extensions on the classical Hilbert-type inequalities, and how to give more new Hilbert-type inequalities as well as their applications. Professor Bicheng Yang began to do research for Hilbert-type inequalities since 1995. In 1998, by introducing some independence parameters and the Beta function, he made some refinements of Lizhi Xu’s way of weight coefficient and gave some best extensions of Hardy-Hilbert’s inequality. Since then, some multiple Hilbert’s inequalities, a number of more accurate Hilbert-type inequalities, the dual Hilbert -type inequalities, the reverse Hilbert-type inequalities and a lot of new Hilbert-type inequalities with two indexes of conjugate parameters are obtained by him and his accompaniers. In 2006, he first expressed a class of Hilbert-type inequalities by the operator theory (publication in JMAA, cf. [10]). Now, he has published more 150 papers in the mathematical journals. Among them, there are 100 papers published in the journals of fremdness and kernel journal of homeland (including 27 papers embodied by SCI and 11 papers published in the Chinese authority of journals, such as《Acta Mathematica Scinica》(6),《Chinese Annals of Mathematics (A)》(3), and《Advances in Mathematics》(2) ).The following is his magnum opus: 1. On Hilbert’s integral inequality, J. Math. Anal. Appl.,1998,220,778-785. 2. On extended Hilbert’s inequality, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.,1998,126(3), 751-759. 3. On a strengthened version of the more accurate Hardy- Hilbert’s inequality, Acta Mathematica Sinica,1999,42 (6),1103-1110. 4. On the extended Hardy-Hilbert's inequality ,J. Math. Anal. & Appl.,2002,272, 187-199. 5. On a multiple Hardy-Hilbert’s integral inequality, Chinese Annals of Mathematics, 2003, 24A(6),743-750. 6. On the way of weight coefficient and research for the Hilbert-type inequalities, Math. Inequal. Appl., 2003, 6 (4),625-658. 7. On new extension of Hilbert’s inequality, Acta Math. Hungar., 2004,104(4), 291-299. 8. On a relation between Carleman’s inequality and Van der Corput’s inequality , Tawanese Journal of Mathematics, 2005,9(1),143-150. 9. A dual Hardy-Hilbert’s inequality and generalizations. Advances in Math., 2006,35(1), 102-108. 10. On the norm of an integral operator and applications. J. Math. Anal. Appl., 2006, 321, 182-192.
The implementation of computational intelligence techniques such as Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems and Genetic Algorithms, and its hybridization, mainly from the 70’s, combined to modeling and control classical techniques, has made possible the modeling and control of complex industrial processes, as well as the treatment of restrictions and satisfaction of stability and robustness requirements. This is due to the increasing of the necessity to improve the efficiency of industrial processes in the quality of its products, and the treatment of deficiencies of the modeling and control classic methods. In Wang et. all. [1], a fuzzy model based controller is designed, using the concept of Parallel Distributed Compensation, using linear matrices inequalities, LMI's, to guarantee closed loop stability and robustness. In Cho et. al. [2], a parameters estimator is developed to obtain a fuzzy model of a monovariable nonlinear dynamic system. With the parametric estimation scheme incorporated to the controller, an indirect reference model adaptive fuzzy controller is proposed for asymptotic tracking of reference trajectories for an uncertain and time varying dynamic system, in order to guarantee that all signals of the closed loop system are limited. In Kadmiry & Driankov [3], a gain scheduling fuzzy control design is developed to guarantee stability and robustness in the control of attitude in a helicopter. In Blank & Dente [4], are investigated the effect of the white noise in intelligent modeling using the Mamdani fuzzy inference system, where decisions about the choice of relevant membership functions are taken for attenuation of the noise on the experimental data and better representation of the input and output nominal relation. In Serra & Bottura [5] a new methodology of instrumental variable was proposed: fuzzy instrumental variable. This contribution, the concept of fuzzy instrumental variable, together with one theorem and three lemmas for convergence conditions of the fuzzy instrumental variable algorithm for identification of nonlinear dynamic systems are also proposed in Serra [6]. Fuzzy instrumental variable algorithms, for SISO (Single-Input and Single-Output) and MIMO (Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output) dynamic systems, have shown consistency, high speed of convergence and tracking of the time varying output in a noisy environment (Serra & Bottura [7] [8]), important characteristics to develop model based control methodologies that is still opened. The effect of noise in the experimental data for fuzzy modeling of discrete time dynamic systems and the implementation of enough robust algorithms for recursive estimation of the consequent parameters of the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference system exploring its hybridization with neural network and/or genetic algorithms are still open too. The hybridization of the computational intelligence techniques and its application to adaptive control design presents practical importance and several proposals are still in development[9]. The satisfaction of performance criteria, the guarantee of robustness to uncertainties and nonlinearities, the stability of the closed loop dynamic system, as well as the generation of restrictions and/or control laws from an expert for performance optimization, have motivated the proposals of new configurations of intelligent model based control methodologies. This research project intends to present contributions in these opened contexts. [1]. Wang, H.o., Tanaka, K. and Griffin, M.F. An Approach to Fuzzy Control of Nonlinear Systems: Stability and Design Issues. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 4, No.1, February, 14-23, 1996. [2]. Cho, Y.-W., Park, C.-W. and Park, M. Indirect Model Reference Adaptive Fuzzy Control for SISO Takagi-Sugeno Model. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 131, 197-215, 2002. [3]. Kadmiry, B. and Driankov, D. A Fuzzy Gain-Scheduler for the Attitude Control of an Unmanned Helicopter. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Vol.12, No.3, August, 502-515, 2004. [4]. Branco, P.J.C. and Dente, J.A. Noise Effects in Fuzzy Modeling Systems: Three Case Studies. Computational Intelligence and Applications: World Scientific and Engineering Society Press, Danvers, USA, 103-108, 1999. [5]. Serra, G.L.O. and Bottura, C.P. Fuzzy Instrumental Variable Concept and Identification Algorithm. IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Indicated for best paper, 1062-1067, 2005. [6]. Serra, G.L.O. Proposals of Methodologies for Intelligent Identification and Control. Doctoral Thesis, UNICAMP/FEEC-DMCSI, Campinas-SP Brasil, September 2005. [7]. Serra, G.L.O. and Bottura, C.P. An IV-QR Algorithm for Neuro-Fuzzy Multivariable Identification. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Accepted(In Press), 2006. [8]. Serra, G.L.O. and Bottura, C.P. An Algorithm for Fuzzy Identification of Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems.43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 5421-5426, 2004. [8]. Serra, G.L.O. and Bottura, C.P. Multiobjective Evolution Based Fuzzy PI Controllers Design For Nonlinear Systems. IFAC Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 19, Issue 2, pp. 157-167, 2006.
NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OF FLOATING BODIES SUBJECTED TO LARGE AMPLITUDE WAVE MOTIONS Wave energy available from high sea waves attracted ocean scientists all over the world venturing for new type of wave energy devices. Floating wave power devices are of more popular in view of their fabrication and deployment in deep seas. The engineering design of floating bodies subjected to large amplitude wave motions are of particular importance in the recent years. In view of this, a large circular cylinder shall be analyzed. The large amplitude wave motions of circular cylinder needs non-linear analysis. Stokes Fifth order theory shall be used through perturbation analysis. The governing equations and boundary conditions for the present problem are being formulated. Solutions shall be evaluated using MATLAB. The response motion of floating body along with the water surface excursions shall be analyzed. Optimum operational conditions for the prototype shall be established. Item required: PC Machine with Printer MATLAB software, Literature Collections The Estimated Cost for this Research Project: EUROS: 20,000/-- Principal Investigator: Dr.K.Thiruvenkatasamy. Ph.D (Japan) Post-Doctoral Fellow University College Cork (UCC), Ireland swamy2667@yahoo.com
Non-linear Analysis of Floating bodies of Large Amplitude motions
EBMT (Example based Machine Translation) is essentially translation by analogy. An Example-Based Machine Translation (EBMT) system is given a set of sentences in the source language (from which one is translating) and their corresponding translations in the target language, and uses those examples to translate other, similar source-language sentences into the target language. The basic premise is that, if a previously translated sentence occurs again, the same translation is likely to be correct again.
The project will mainly study some characters and rules of the Karst and Karst-fractured water, build a element identify system about the drainage area of the Karst-undergroud water, provide the latency drainage area attacking or aberrance and supplying water rule under the condition of the gushing water in the tunnel. There are better effective physical ascertainment methods to forecast the geological defective in the front of working face in the tunnel, for example, a class of wave reflects of the physical ascertainment methods (TSP, LDS-I, GDR) which are modified space objective position for the explored the geological defective and to work method in the fieldwork, and studied explaining method about data with the modified methods. There are better effective foreground methods to explore the underground water (TEM, GDR, UIT) which are mainly studied positive and negative calculation methods, work method in the fieldwork, explaining method about data with the improved methods and modified and developed software and equipment about the methods. The synthetically geological methods and the physical ascertainment methods are built and improved in the project. All kinds of the forecast methods are assembled by the fittest ways and all methods are applied the process to predict the geological defective and water in the front of the tunnel. The Karst-fractured water with high pressure and large volume are developed the mechanical model for the gushing water and predicted the model for the gushing volume during the excavating tunnel. The constructive methods and technology for the Karst-fractured water with high pressure and large volume are presented by the relative theory, model test in the Lab and test in the fieldwork. The pre-forecast and the harnessing expert system are built for the Karst-fractured water with high pressure and large volume and the badness geological conditions. The studies have important theory and practice meaning to construct the hydro-power of the JinPing and analogy engineering.
Space structure made of flexible light member represent a large class of elastic structure systems forming arbitrary geometrical shaped of braced truss-type three-dimensional array. Because of structural flexibility, its behavior can be written as hyperbolic equations on a geometrical structure such as Graph. The simplest structure is serially connected strings; the next is tree-shape networks. The general structure systems will be very complex. Suppose that the structures have equilibrium under the certain environment. Since such space structure is sensible to change of environment, Our purpose is to design controller or feedback controller such that the structure retains its equilibrium position when the environment has a little change.
The first objective of this project is to study the potential of electrostatic fields acted upon magnetic field, thermal fields, or both. The second objective is to develop a simple numerical method for the solution of the obtained potential – type Fredholm Integral Equations with weak singularity in the kernel. Phones: +202-2672501,2681427(Home), Mobile: +20105613799.
Description: An objective of this project is to develop simulation tool for ternary logic. Ternary is 3-valued digital system, which has 3 distinct level of switching, 0,1 and 2.Here 0 corresponds to ground potential, 1 corresponds to 2.5v potential and 2 to 5v for Vcc = 5v. We are looking for simulation of ternary logic gates like T-AND, T-OR etc. These gates are implemented using C-MOS transistors. Detail parameters of T-Gate implementation will be given at the time of discussion. Currently we have 4 team members for project development. Our final goal is to introduce 4 bit ternary microprocessor. Phones: +91-20-24360655(Home), Mobile: +91-20- 9822406967.
The project deals with the use of the combined Hardware-Software Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) for microprocessors Power and Energy Reduction for solving the energy reduction of CPU's. My Idea is to design an Electronic Control Loop to Control both of the Voltage and Frequency of Microprocessors Based on the Software Approach.
Most decision making in the real world is dynamic. Critical decisions in business, manufacturing domain, and others require multiple and interrelated time-constrained decisions under high uncertainty and complexity. Information and Communications Technologies can enhance database access, analytical powers, and communications capacity of managers. The justification for these efforts has been based on the premise that more and better quality information will result in reduced uncertainty in decision situations. Current models of decision making often revolve around the assumptions that alternative courses of action can be established, the outcome of choosing an alternative is known or at least it is calculable or imaginable. In addition, one assumes that the human brain can construct a representation of a decision problem, there is unlimited resources (i.e., time) to make a choice, and the context is static as it does not change autonomously or as a consequence of the decision maker's choices. This project recognizes that real-life situations are not static, that the world changes continuously as a decision maker attempts to make a choice, and also it also changes as a result of those choices. It also views decision making as often constrained by limitation of resources, not only external resources, such at time limitations, but also human cognitive resources such as memory capacity. To carry out the proposed research it is necessary build patterns in a specific field. This could be software projects support. It is an ideal field for project objectives, because a new project progresses through a sequence of stages and processes within organization. In addition, software development efficiency would be increased. A Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) would be developed in every stage of product support and it wuold be tested by experts. With time, a pattern library would be developed.
Most decision making in the real world is dynamic. Critical decisions in business, manufacturing domain, and others require multiple and interrelated time-constrained decisions under high uncertainty and complexity. Information and Communications Technologies can enhance database access, analytical powers, and communications capacity of managers. The justification for these efforts has been based on the premise that more and better quality information will result in reduced uncertainty in decision situations. Current models of decision making often revolve around the assumptions that alternative courses of action can be established, the outcome of choosing an alternative is known or at least it is calculable or imaginable. In addition, one assumes that the human brain can construct a representation of a decision problem, there is unlimited resources (i.e., time) to make a choice, and the context is static as it does not change autonomously or as a consequence of the decision maker's choices. This project recognizes that real-life situations are not static, that the world changes continuously as a decision maker attempts to make a choice, and also it also changes as a result of those choices. It also views decision making as often constrained by limitation of resources, not only external resources, such at time limitations, but also human cognitive resources such as memory capacity. To carry out the proposed research it is necessary build patterns in a specific field. This could be software projects support. It is an ideal field for project objectives, because a new project progresses through a sequence of stages and processes within organization. In addition, software development efficiency would be increased. A Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) would be developed in every stage of product support and it wuold be tested by experts. With time, a pattern library would be developed.
3 DIMENSIONAL; CORRELATION; FLOWMETERS; CONVOLUTION. The research on cross-correlation and especially on cross-correlation flowmetering comes from the 1980’s and there are a lot to be done as technology and especially dsp hardware and software improves. Flow regimes modern understanding plays important role to correlation repeatability. The task of our research team, that is based in Greece but involves other researcher in UK, and attracts European companies’ interests on its outcome, is to develop and use 2 and 3 dimensional tools for correlation flowmeters design. Collaboration sought: Financial support, information and software exchange / training, license agreement, marketing agreement.
DOWNLOAD IT in .DOC FORMAT from: http://www.worldses.org/projects/partial_differential_equations.doc In a reactor, the neutrons are yielded at the fission of the nucleus and they are named the rapid neutrons with the average speeds 2107m/s. The rapid neutrons are subjected to a slowness process, their energy decreasing until these are in an equilibrium state with the others atoms of the environment. When the reactor is in a stationary state, the atoms have the tendency to move from a region with a great density to another with a small density and thus on obtain a uniform density. This process is named the diffusion. The main problem in the nuclear reactor theory is to find the neutrons distribution in the reactor, hence its density. This is a scalar function, which depends on the next variables: the position vector of the neutron in a datum coordinate system, the neutron speed and the time. The density is the solution of an integral-differential equation named the neutron transport equation. The increasing importance of its applications in the industrial processing leads the researchers to explore different methods for solving them, [1]-[ ]. In this contract, the following themes will be approached. 1. The analytical and numerical solutions of a Dirichlet problem for stationary transport equations in the one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases. In order to solve these problems we approach a variational method, which extend Ritz-Galerkin approximations used for a diffusion equation. Also, the variational form of the integral identity method will be applied to construct an algorithm for a transport equation with a periodic source function. Many numerical examples are presented and an attentive investigations of the errors is made. The existence and uniqueness of the solution will be proved using the abstract variational formulation. Using the methods of the mathematical analysis, an analytical solution for one- dimensional transport equation will be found. 2. Stability of a numerical algorithm for a non-stationary transport equation. An initial-boundary value problem for one-dimensional linear transport equation with a source term is considered. This is rewritten as a Cauchy problem: dw /dt + Aw = F, wt = 0 = w0, where w represents a suitable subset of a Hilbert space, whose elements are pairs of real-valued functions depending on three variables: a space variable z[0, H], an angle variable , with = cos [-1, 1] and a time variable t[0, T]. A is a linear strictly positive operator. A difference scheme is given in order to approximate the space derivatives appearing in A. Then, the operator A is decomposed as A = A1 + A2 (where both A1 and A2 are positive operators) and another difference scheme is given to approximate the time derivatives. Finally, the numerical integration with respect to is carried out. One obtains an algorithm, which is stable and approximates the exact solution with an accuracy of second order in time step and in space step h.
I have some ideas and proposals for collaborations. Our interests are quantum information and quantum computer. Our results join some different fields, such as, quantum computer, mathematics, physics and computer science. Some of our publications can be found here http://staff.uob.bh/files/671125478_files/pup.htm Nevertheless, there are yet unsolved problems preventing the advancement of science and engineering. At the same time this is a starting point, which has a great effect upon the development of the further process, depending on the new models that can be discovered.
am just asking to be put in my field of specialisation so as to be able to contribute. I am leading a group at the Electronic Reseach Institute in the major field of Computers and minor specialisation of Grid and High Performance Computing Technologies. We actually participated in more than one USA_ Egypt joint projects and more than one EU projects. I shall be honored to participate in any of your projects , and I shall consider your team when preparing a proposal for EU FP7 in the future. As for the conference participation , I have to study the team participation and then respond Thanks a lot Prof Dr. Salwa Nassar Head of Grid and High Performance Computing Technologies Computer and Control Depatment Electronic Research Institute El Tahrir St Dokki, Cairo, Egypt Mobile:+2012 315 9072 Office: +202 3310 504
Dear Sirs, // My area of expertise is computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Therefore, I am highly involved in software development in FORTRAN and C++ for scientific and industrial purposes, but I am not in computer science and in particular in the areas you mention below. Similarly the Journals I usually publish are J. Computational Physics, Int. J. Numerical Methods in Fluids, J. Fluid Mechanics, Physics of Fluids, J NonNewtonian Fluid Mechanics etc. So I would not mind if you include me in a more appropriate group within WSEAS.// Sincerely,// John Tsamopoulos// Professor and Director of the Laboratory of Fluid Dynamics// University of Patras. GREECE
We need Post-Doc Researchers with experience in Genetic Algorithms and MatLab.
We need Post-Doc Researchers with experience in Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms and MatLab
I have some ideas and proposals for collaboration. Our interests are DNS of turbulent flows and flows with hydrodynamic instabilities, for example Rayleigh-Benard convection. Our results are on my site and in my works. We have all programs for DNS of turbulent convection (2-D free, 2-D rigid, 3-D free and 3-D rigid) and parallel versions of these programs for multiprocessors computer with common memory using OpenMP. But all our simulations are performed on PC, it is restrictive. If you may have access to multiprocessor computer or cluster with common memory we may have the interesting project in collaboration. Our programs + your computer is equal to fine result in DNS of turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection and then in other problems. Please,no hesitate to contact me with any questions and proposals. Best regards, Igor Palymskiy. Prof. of Modern University for Humanities. My emails are: palymsky@hnet.ru, palymsky@ngs.ru, palymsky@narod.ru, . Phones: +7 3833 334791(Home), Mobile: +7 913 9391924 My site is: http://palymsky.narod.ru/
Introduction Heat treatment (quenching) is widely used in practice. Parts of all machines, beginning from bicycle and ending with large trucks, undergo heat treatment. As a rule, parts made out of alloy steels are quenched in oils or aqueous polymer solutions of high-concentration. These media are not ecologically clean and safe at the work. We have developed principally new quenching methods, which solve this problem and are as follows: • Increase the service life of steel parts • Use steels with lower alloy • Elimination oils and polymers since a plain water is used • Increase the labor productivity. The technology proposed goes in advance of the development of heat treatment industry, since it requires as follows: 1. design and production of special equipment; 2. full automation of heat treatment processes with mathematical description; 3. production of new less expensive materials For the successful promotion of the new technologies it is necessary to unite efforts of teams working in various scientific fields: 1. Material science and metallurgy 2. Heat and mass transfer 3. Computer science 4. Fluid mechanics and others. It is expedient to start the research by join efforts on the creation of database on cooling capacities of various quenchants. These databases include - initial heat flux densities; - critical heat flux densities; - heat flux densities and heat transfer coefficients for various heat transfer conditions. These databases are of great scientific interest and they can be used by big companies dealing with the heat treating processes. What is new and fundamental in our research? As is known, Fourier law at the initial time of immersing the heated part into the quenchant does not work. The initial heat flux tends to infinity. But actually it is finite. The modern intensive technologies require the determination of initial finite heat flux densities for their comparison with critical heat flux densities. This problem will be solved on the basis of solving hyperbolic thermal conductivity equation, which takes into account the finite speed of the heat propagation. The results of calculations will be compared with results of experiments made with Liscic probes. The fundamentality lies in finding new methods of solving more precise Fourier law for the use of such results in the design of intensive technologies. Why results of research are very important for the practice? Numerical methods of solving various technical problems and their computer implementation advanced far ahead. Nevertheless, in the field of quenching there are yet unsolved problems preventing the advancement of science and engineering. The initial time of the quenching process has not been studied yet deeply. At the same time this is a starting point, which has a great effect upon the development of the further process, depending on the value of critical heat flux density. Without understanding and description of the natural phenomena occurring at the initial time of quenching it is impossible to organize and automate the industrial quenching process. To avoid these problems, quenching of alloy steels is still fulfilled in oils, and, as a rule, expensive alloys are used and the contamination of the environment takes place. What are benefits for the WSEAS? • The software will be developed for quench process control. • The number of conference participants significantly increase. • Journals will be sold much more. • Workshops and special sessions will be more active and fruitful. • Ecological problems are partially solved, which are related to all of us. Companies which are interested to use results of the research • IQ Technologies Inc, USA • National Science Center “Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology”, Ukraine • others Countries which representatives take part in the project • Croatia • Greece • Latvia • Ukraine • USA
This research project proposes a new method to obtain optimal solution using Evolutionary Computational approach in uncertain environment. The optimal solution is obtained by using Evolutionary approach and MATLAB computation. The modified s-curve membership function is constructed analytically. The optimal solution for profit function, index quality and worker satisfaction index in construction industry is considered. Decision maker and implementer tabulate the final possibilistic and realistic outcome for objective functions respect to level of satisfaction and vagueness for forecasting and planning.
The stochastic systems have a basic properties described these by the fourth moments & entropy, all in recursive expressions, they have an illustrative description & each of them has a equilibrium region or point, that in the Lyapunov sense the above comment is true if the third moment with respect to second moment tend to zero, but in parabolic description these moments bounded the basic parabolic curve. The project consists in to built the parabolic description with respect to basic systems using different techniques with respect to Filter tools as estimators & Identficators. The main objective of this project is to obtain the best filter in Lyapunov sense with respect to the best trajectory between two points (the attractor point & initial point).
This research presents elements to design a decision support system for portfolio management in the Mexican market. Risk analysis was performed using a scenario tree generated by simulation. First, randomized lognormal vectors are generated and later, a main components procedure for a fixed tree architecture is applied. The suitability of the tree generated was tested statistically. The tree considers the more representative stocks chosen from 50 assets, 250 bonds and 56 cash options named CETES in the Mexican Market. The tree is used to build a modified stochastic multistage Markowitz model.
In this Project proposal is about reducing the noise in the received speech signal, using adaptive techniques. Adaptive systems are used well efficiently to reduce noise from the signals, using interference cancellation techniques. But the interference cancellation technique is efficient only when there is a scope of obtaining noise, correlated to the corrupting noise, where it is used as reference signal. But when the signal is transmitted through the channel, the noise that gets added in the channel, is totally random, hence there is no means of creating a correlated noise, at the receiving end. Only way possible is to somehow extract the noise, from the received signal, itself, as only the received signal can give the information of the noise added to it. The project is about generating such 3 correlated noise from the received signal only as the means. For this a new method is being proposed, called grazing estimation of the signal.The technique used in this thesis is a two way process. As the first step we try to estimate a signal correlated to the actual signal i.e. the information bearing component of the received signal .The technique used for this is the grazing estimation of the signal, mentioned above. Since the signal and the noise are non-coherent to each other. This estimated signal is used to extract noise from the received signal using the interference cancellation technique of the adaptive signal processing, thus giving us noise which, to a good extent, will be correlated to the noise, present in the received signal. This generated noise is then used to cancel the noise in the signal.The proposed technique forms a good method for reducing the noise from the noisy signal Also the relative gain in SNR achieved, is more when the received signals SNR is low, thus supporting transmission of signals at low power level. But from implementation point of view, this method can be efficient only when cascaded with some general known methods of reducing noise This method alone does enhance the SNR of the received signal, but not to the intended level, owing to its low SNR. But the combination of this method with some general known other methods, gives uS the advantage of transmitting signals with low power, than required in case if the other method is used Individually, as well as enhancing the SNR to the required level, but of course, this will come at the cost of higher computational time.
The project deals with the use of the combined Adomian/Alienor methods for solving optimal control and identification problems. The combination of the Adomian decomposition method and the Alienor reducing transformation method allows us to solve the control problem as if it were a classical one dimensional minimization problem. Application to biological systems is suitable
Rain induced attenuation degrades the performance of communication systems. Thus the knowledge of rain-induced attenuation at the frequency of operation is necessary to design a reliable communication system at a particular location. Rain attenuation data are also desired in many important applications including radio link systems, radar systems, microwave propagation systems and remote sensing. The efficient planning of reliable communication links require the knowledge about the rain fade margin to be provided, in the system design, to overcome the losses in the signal strength due to rain over the path. Experimental Study of rain attenuation is not possible everywhere. Threfore It is neccessary to develop a software which can predict the rain attenuation at any desired frequency and for any desired location. For avaliable different propagation models, this simulated calculator gives the propagation loss in dB for the distance in kilometers that is entered by the user. The calculation also is a function of frequency and antenna heights, and the user may enter values for these parameters. The simulated calculator can be developed using Visal Studio and can operate from user PC.
Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular tool in multivariate statistics and pattern recognition. Recently, some mixture models of local principal component analysis have attracted attention due to a number of benefits over global PCA. In this paper, we propose a mixture model by concurrently performing global data partition and local linear PCA. The partition is optimal or near optimal, which is realized by a soft competition algorithm called ‘neural gas'. The local PCA type representation is approximated by a neural learning algorithm in a nonlinear auto encoder network, which is set up on the generalization of the least-squares reconstruction problem leading to the standard PCA. Such a local PCA type representation has a number of numerical advantages, for example, faster convergence and insensitive to local minima. Based on this mixture model, we describe a modular classification scheme to solve the problem of breast cancer tumor analysis. We use 10 networks (modules) to capture different features in the 10 classes of cancerous images, with each network being a mixture model of local PCA type representations. When a test digit is presented to all the modules, each module provides a reconstructed pattern by a prescribed principle and the system outputs the class label by comparing the reconstruction errors from the 10 networks. Compared with some traditional neural network-based classifiers, our scheme converges faster and recognizes with higher accuracy. For a relatively small size of each module, the classification accuracy reaches 98.6% on the training set and 97.8% on the testing set. This technique is implied in breast cancer tumor analysis for predicting the tumor is malign or benignand the survival rate is increased upto 5% i.e. upto 3 years. Keywords: Principal component analysis; Subspace pattern recognition; Mixture model;
A strategic change to integrate the demand/supply chain management on green products needs a solid base for decision making which will be realized in this integrated project. Since green products supply strongly depends on market stimulation, the supply-derived property of management requires sufficient information of customer preference and willingness in purchase. Due to global environmental legislation being made, the business opportunities are not only conditioned by cost-effective management; but also required by strategic intention and market expectations. A channel between the customers and suppliers should be established along product life cycle. Since green products are labeled by different systems of different nations, how to provide correct information for both manufacturers and customers will be the main output of this project. To achieve this goal, three major issues will be discussed : (1). Green Demand Chain Management : Study from the aspect of customers expectation and satisfaction by identifying the targeted customers so that the pricing policies and risk management on 3R of recycling, reuse and reduce can be developed. (2). Green Supply Chain Management : Study from the aspect of process control of the products by detecting and assessing the environment risk factors of the products along the production procedure. Planning for the green product mix under the market price constraint so that cost-effective objective can be fulfilled. (3) Web-based Management Information System: Based on (1) and (2), to develop a Management Information and retrieval system so that through a recommending system, a search engine for information along product life cycle will be established with customers’ satisfaction levels, which will provide both manufacturers and customers the necessary information of a labeled green product. Due to the official announcement and implementation of WEEE by European Union, the category of the 3C electric and electronic products will be considered as the test products for our preliminary study. Extending to other categories of products will then be followed. Keywords: Green products, Management Information Systems, Demand-Supply-Environment relation, Risk Management
A low cost ROV was designed and fabricated by department Mechanical Engineering of Guilan University. now, we are woking on dynamic identification and controling thids vehicle. we are published some paper on dynamic simulation and adaptive neural network control of the ROV. we have done some reseaches on Effects of Communication cable on dynamics and controlling of the ROV. For the future work, we would like to design a neuro-sliding mode controller with using Multi-layer NN and Radial basis function NN.
We conducting experipents using different TCP /IP parameters so that parallel computing on LAN can be time efficient and scalable. The scaleability is hard to get in case of LAN though it is easily achieveable in case of tightly coupled computers.
Sinusoidal interference of a single frequency particularly the supply frequency or its harmonics is a source of interference in many signals eg. ECG , transducers output etc. Some methods have been used for removal of such signals like using notch filters. In this projectsignal processing technique using wavelet trasform will be used.
Power consumption and heat dissipation become key elements in the field of high-end integrated circuits, especially those used in mobile and high-speed applications, due to their increase of transistor count and clock frequencies. Dynamic thermal management strategies have been proposed and implemented in order to mitigate heat dissipation. However, there is a lack of a tool that can be used to evaluate DTM strategies and thermal or power response(characterization) of real life systems. We try to surpass this gap by proposing two kind of benchmarks: thermal benchmark and power benchmark. Thermal benchmarks are software applications intended to describe thermal behavior of system components (CPU) when certain types of operations are executed. Power benchmarks are software applications used to characterize power consumption of system components when certain types of operations are executed. Project goals: - define and implement thermal benchmark and power benchmark software - test the proposed benchmarks on different types of systems (desktop, laptop, PDA, SmartPhones, Embedded PC) - find applicability of thermal benchmarks and power benchmarks Current status: - thermal benchmark defined, implemented and tested on some systems (desktop and laptop) - see article “Microprocessor Thermal Characterization using Thermal Benchmark Software” published in WSEAS Journal on Computers, Jul. 2006.
Project targets the evaluation & development of low power circuit/system design solutions for deep submicron technology node. Realizing chip level solutions/SOCs at high frequency is a bottleneck. Any contribution towards will be useful for the Industry & for the developnent of new products. Effort will be focussed on circuit design methodologies & their system level organizations. project needs immense task force & resources for an useful conclusion & contribution.
We have published some papers about cyclic movement of a seven link biped robot based on mathmatical simulation of robot, especially with the aid of third-order spline. We have designed a raw software in 13000 lins in Matlab/Simulink environment to simulate the robot simultaneously over various surfaces in single and combined manners with respect to two types of ZMP ( Fixed and Moving). Now we want to expand the software to simulate the un-cyclic motion of the robot. You can find some of our accpeted papers as below: 1) 2006, Wseas, Payman Naseradin Mousavi, Ahmad Bagheri, Farid Najafi 2) Applied Mathematical Modeling, Elsevier, 2006, accpeted, under publicatoin, (Dec. of 2006), Payman Naseradin Mousavi, Ahmad Bagheri
Bandar Abbas is a industrial district in south of Iran and there are many heavy industries as oil refinery, gas refinery, power plant, aluminum industry, shipbuilding industry and so on. All of industries in this area use of oil as their fuel and produce a widespread range of air pollutants as the gases and particulate. This study will conduct to evaluate the quality and quantity of this pollution.
Skew polynomial rings have invited attention of mathematicians and are being treated in different ways, which include their ideals, prime ideals, minimal prime ideals, associated prime ideals, primary decomposition and Krull dimension. Let R be a ring. We say that R is a decomposable ring if in R there exist irreducible ideals $I_{j}$, $1\leq j\leq n$ such that $\cap I_{j}=0$ and each $R/I_{j}$ has an artinian quotient ring. Thus decomposability means a stronger primary decomposition. It is known that the rings $R[x,\sigma]$, $R[x,x^{-1},\sigma]$ and $R[x,\delta]$ (where is $\sigma$ is an automorphism of a commutative Noetherian ring and $\delta$ is a derivation of a commutative Noetherian Q-algebra) are decomposable. It is also known that their iterations are decomposable. If R is a commutative Noetherian Q-algebra, $\sigma$ is an automorphism of R and $\delta$ is a $\sigma$-derivation of R. In the proposed project, we investigate the decomposability of $R[x,\sigma,\delta]$. In the first instance, we may assume that $\sigma \delta$ = $\delta \sigma$.
Due to limitations in resources for manufacturing a product and the need to satisfy certain conditions in manufacturing and demand, a problem of fuzziness occurs in industrial systems. This problem occurs also in chocolate manufacturing when deciding a mixed selection of raw materials to produce varieties of products. This is referred here to as the Product- mix Selection Problem (Tabucanon, 1996). The Fuzzy Product – mix Selection Problem (FPSP) is stated as : There are n products to be manufactured by mixing m raw materials with different proportion and by using k varieties of processing. There are limitations in resources of raw materials. There are also some constraints imposed by marketing department such as product – mix requirement, main product line requirement and lower and upper limit of demand for each product. All the above requirements and conditions are fuzzy. It is necessary to obtain multi-optimization objective functions (maximum profit and others)with certain degree of satisfaction by using Intelligence Interactive Evolutionary Computational approach.
Intelligent Agents have originated a lot of discussion about what they are, and how they are different from general programs. We describe in this investigation a new paradigm for intelligent agents. This paradigm helped us deal with failures in an independent and efficient way. We proposed three types of agents to treat the system in a hierarchical way. A new method to visualize fault tolerant systems (FTS) is proposed, in this investigation with the incorporation of intelligent agents, which as they grow and specialized create the Multi-Agent System (MAS). The MAS contains a diversified range of agents, which depending on the perspective will be specialized or will be evolutionary (from our initially proposal they will be specialized for the detection and possible solution of errors that appear in an FTS). The initial structure of the agent is proposed in [1] and it is called a reflected agent with an internal state and in the Method MeCSMA [2]. Index Terms— Intelligent Agents, Fault Tolerance, Distributed System. I. INTRODUCTION At the moment the approach using agents for real applications, has worked with movable agents, which work at the level of the client-server architecture. However, in systems where the requirements are higher, as in the field of the architecture of embedded industrial systems, the idea is to innovate in this area by working with the paradigm of intelligent agents. Also, it is a good idea in embedded fault tolerant systems, where it is a new and good strategy for the detection and solution of errors. To main goals of the present research work were the following: 1) To create a new visualization tool of the application of intelligent agents, in the fault tolerant systems for embedded systems. 2) To create a model, that will help the programmers to create profiles in embedded circuits, according to utility, by means of, Intelligent Agents The reflected agent with an internal state sets out the general structure of the recovery Intelligent Agent for Fault tolerant Systems in Distributed Systems, with three types of intention agents. REFERENCES [1]. Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence to Modern Aproach, Pretence artificial Hall series in intelligence, Chapter Intelligent Agent, pages. 31-52. [2]. A.Alanis, Of Architectures for Systems Multi-Agentes, ( Master Degree thesis in computer sciences), Tijuana Institute of Technology, November, 1996. [3]. Michael J. woodridge, Nicholas R. Jennings. (Eds.), Intelligence Agents, Artificial Lecture Notes in 890 Subseries of Lectures Notes in Computer Science, Amsterdam, Ecai-94 Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and languages, The Netherland, Agust 1994 Proceedings, ed. Springer-Verlag, págs. 2-21.
The Mobile Marketing Association (MMA) defines mobile marketing as “any form of marketing, advertising or sales promotion activity aimed at consumers” (MMA 2003). Mobile marketing is one of the components of direct marketing that shares some distinctive characteristics to make it different from others. This medium is nonpublic as the message is normally addressed to a specific person, it is customized as the message can be prepared to appeal to the addressed individual, it is up-to-date as the message can be prepared very quickly and finally it is interactive as the message can be changed depending on the person’s response. (Kotler, 2005) At present, mobile marketing channel has been mainly used in promotions such as competition and lotteries (Pura, 2002). However, the market seems to be ready for more sophisticated mobile marketing campaigns such as mobile customer relationship management (FDMA, 2004). The main reasons underlying the high expectation laid on mobile channel refer to its high reach, low cost & high retention rates (Clickatell 2002). Additionally, the mobile channel, especially SMS is seen as immediate, automated, reliable, personal, discreet, & providing mobile phone users a direct call to action that would via other channel be almost impossible (Barness And Scornavacca, 2004;Clickatell, 2004;Leppaniemi And Karajaluoto; 2004). Mobile marketing can either be push- based, which refers to communication such as SMS & alert sent to wireless devices. However, to send push message companies must have consumer permission to do that. Pull type of mobile marketing refers to an information a user is requesting from provider to an adviser (Barner & scornavacca, 2004, Carat Interative 2002; Pura 2002). While mobile marketing is today almost entirely SMS based, the diffusion of MMS enabled phones will presumably shape the industry in the future (Barwisw & Strong, 2002; Paananen, 2003). Also the mushroom of device with larger screen will guide mobile marketer to a new avenues. (Yonos et al, 2003). “….In the developing world, things are very different. Mobile phones are increasingly recognized as powerful tools in the fight against poverty, since they reduce transaction costs, facilitate entrepreneurship and substitute for slow, unreliable transport and postal systems.” (The Economist, October1st-7th, 2005).For example: Delora Begum’s home office is a corrugated metal and straw hut in Bangladesh with a mud floor, no toilet and no running water. Yet in this humble setting, she reigns as the ‘phone lady,’a successful entrepreneur and a person of standing in her community. It’s all due to a sleek Nokia cell phone. Mrs. Begum acquired the handset in 1999. Her telephone “booth” is mobile: during the day, it’s the stall on the village’s main dirt road; at night, callers drop by her family hut to use the cell phone. Once the phone hookup was made, incomes and quality of life improved almost immediately for many villagers. This new channel of communication allows villagers to learn the fair value of their rice and vegetables, cutting out middlemen notorious for exploiting them. They can arrange bank transfers or consult doctors in distant cities. Besides, a villager who owns of a mobile phone earns about $600 a year which is about twice the annual per capita income in Bangladesh.It now seems important to know and understand this new channel of communication as a powerful tool to fight against poverty. The following questions can be addressed during the time of evaluating the role of mobile marketing process: Q-1: Is it a cost effective and interactive channel through which goods and services can be promoted? Q-2: The processes through which poor people gain access to such technologies, their uses and their benefits. References: Barnes, S & Scornavacca, E, “Mobile Marketing: The Role of Permission and Acceptance”, International Journal of Mobile Communications, Vol. 2 (2), 2004, 128-139. Barwise, P and Strong, C (2002), Permission-based mobile Advertising”, Journal of Interactive marketing, Vol.16 (1), 14-24 Carat Interactive (2002), The Future of Wireless Marketing, Research Report, Clickatell (March,2002) SMS marketing Guide, Research Report; http:www.clickatell.com Clickatell (2004), Business Mobility Guide, Research Report, 2004; http:www.clickatell.com Karjaluoto, H., Leppaniemi,M., & Salo, J. ( 2004). The role of Mobile marketing in companies’ Promotion mix: Empirical Evidence from Finland. Journal of International Business and Economics, Volume II, No.1 Kotler P. & Keller K.L ( 2005). Marketing Management (12th edition). Prentice Hall Inc., 536 Mobile Marketing Association (2003), MMA code for responsible Mobile Marketing. http://www.mmaglobal.co.uk/ Pura, Minna (2002) Case study: The Role of Mobile Advertising in Building a Brand. Mobile Commerce: Technology, Theory and Application. Idea group publishing, Hershey, PA 291-308 The Finnish Direct Marketing Association (January, 2004); http://www.ssml-fdma.fi Yonos, H. M., Gao, J. Z. and Shim, S (2003), “ Wireless Advertising’s Challenges and Opportunities”, IEEE Computer, Vol.36(5), 30-37
Software testing is an important stage in the software projects lifecycles. It is one of the most expensive stages. Testing automation is expected to reduce the cost of testing. GUI testing is increasingly taking a major rule in the whole project validation. GUI test automation is a major challenge for test automation. For many years GUI testing has been done manually and with very little standards. Generating the test cases can be done either from requirement, design, or from the implementation model. This is a work about generating GUI test cases automatically from the implementation model. The test cases are selected to ensure test adequacy with the least amount of test cases possible.
2. objectives- This research focus on the prevent unforeseen accidents and has driver reminded of the consequences of falling asleep while driving. The main objectives are to; *Design an automatic human action of sleeping detection method a) Motion analysis for the purpose of locating the eyes b) Eye tracking c) Blink detection and length measurement d) Interpretation *Design good capturing method for sensor /camera *build the good method to the alert to the driver *adopt every thing to the vehicle 3. Description of research- A method for a real-time vision system that automatically detects a driver's eye blinks and accurately measures their durations is introduced. Then we can identify the asleep condition in sight the eyes. The system enables communication using "blink patterns:" sequences of long and short blinks which are interpreted as semiotic messages. The location of the eyes is determined automatically through the motion of the driver's initial blinks. Subsequently, the eye is tracked by correlation across time, and appearance changes are automatically analyzed in order to classify the eye as either open or closed at each frame. No manual initialization, special lighting, or prior face detection is required. During the first stage of processing, the eyes are automatically located by searching temporally for “blink like” motion. This method analyzes a sequence of the driver’s involuntary blinks and exploits the redundancy provided by the fact that humans naturally blink regularly. Motion analysis alone is not sufficient to give the highly accurate blink information desired. It does not provide precise duration information, and multiple component pair candidates may occur sequentially as the result of a single blink. Relying on motion would make the system extremely intolerant of extra motion due to facial expressions, head movement, or gestures. The driver must be allowed to move his or her head with relative freedom if necessary. Sensor could be get driver’s eyes action and flow that action to the system. Then system could be identified using by above methods. Sensor want be flexible rotation to detect driver’s eyes. Every data be processed and finally out put signal to give internal mechanical system for stopping vehicle. It need identified to link with this system. It needs to make some hardware part to link together. 4. Background / motivation - As one of the most salient features of human face, eyes play an important role in interpreting and understanding a person's desires, needs and emotional states. In day-to-day life driving is an essential feature as because everyone wants to do their work quickly and save time for their other activates. In family adults all learn driving because everyone can contribute their driving ability so that household requirements will run smoothly. Some people when they work till late, for example TV announcers they have to drive their vehicle in the night and some are very restless, thinking that after hard days work as they are tired they will fall asleep. So if there is a design sensor they will be more relived if they fall asleep without their knowledge even the design sensor will wake them. Some people have to travel days when they have to supervise project sites. Even they will be relived to drive if there's a sensor like this. So This project is based for vehicles .when a driver tends to fall asleep, the grips hold of the steering wheel of the driver loosens when the driver's concentration decreases there by activating the system. Designed system vibrates the seat and wakes him up, which is the first warning. If the driver lends to fall asleep ones again the system will activate and vibrate the seat. Finally if there is a repetition and the system identifies that there is a danger, the vehicle stops and signal lights blinks to alert the driver and to make him aware of the danger. 5. Methodology to be adopted- -data modeling and image data base design -identify sleeping conditions of human -produce good alarm system to knowing to human -implemented vehicle auto stops and light blinking method 6. Why this type of topic important to the world- Today in the roads there are plenty of vehicles. When you drive in any road there’s a traffic block everywhere. We can hear so many accidents because of driver’s negligence and reckless driving .So this type of system is very important for every vehicle so that death and suffering courses to mankind will be reduced to the minimum. So that this topic is important to the world of today as the working population are so pressed for time, that they barely have time to have complete rest. While driving to work or otherwise they are fatigued and fall asleep causing death and destruction to self and others. Therefore this type of system danger could save and suffering to mankind.
Summary: The proposed work aims at the development of a parser for specifications of multi-agent systems in γ-Calculus (Banâtre2005a, Banâtre2005b). Significance: The significance of the proposed work lies in that it is a practice to realize a formal system for the design of Multi-agent systems (MASs). MASs.are widely studied recently in the software engineering area as a conceptual model that harnesses the complexity of large scale systems (Yu2001). One of the most difficulty problems in the design of MASs is the design of a formal system that allows specification and derivation of MASs, which requires the use of a high level specification language. We used γ-Calculus to specify MASs and proposed a module language that allows the transformation of the architectural γ-specification of an MAS into a module program on a distributed networking computing model, which can be implemented on proprietary computing platforms (Lin2006). The parser we are proposing to design is a program which automatically transforms γ-specifications into module programs. Expected outcomes: A parser in C language that transforms specifications of MASs in γ-Calculus to a program in the module language; and evaluation of the resulting MAS programs through experimental results. The experiments will be performed by simulating MASs in distributed networking environments by case studies. A journal paper will be written to disseminate the findings. Justification of the method: Agent-oriented design has become one of the most active areas in the field of software engineering. The agent concept provides a focal point for accountability and responsibility for coping with the complexity of software systems both during design and execution (Yu2001). It is deemed that software engineering challenges in developing large scale distributed systems can be overcome by an agent-based approach (Paquette2001). On the other hand, the modeling issue in the abstract computing machine level has been studied in (Banâtre2004), where the chemical reaction model (CRM) (Banatre1990, Banatre1993, Banatre2005a, Le Metayer1994) is used to model an autonomic system. Given the dynamic and concurrent nature of MASs, we found that the chemical reaction metaphor provides a mechanism for describing the overall architecture of the distributed MASs precisely and concisely, while giving the design of the real system a solid starting point and allowing step-by-step refinement of the system using transformational methods (Lin2004, Lin2006). As pointed out in (Banâtre2005b), however, a direct implementation of a CRM specification is unlikely to be efficient and the authors also pointed out that this is another exciting research direction. The difficulty in reaching an efficient implementation of CRM specifications is caused by the use of multisets as the basic data structures and that a direct implementation of the selection operations in the reaction rules requires a brute force testing of the data. We observed that implementation of CRM specifications in the system architecture level, e.g., the architectural specification of an MAS, and that in the programming level can be handled in different ways. By using network communication functions to facilitate reaction testing, we can implement the specifications without brute force testing. This implementation allows further refinement of node-specific programs using proprietary techniques. We defined a computation model that supports the implementation of chemistry-inspired MAS specification with minimal assumptions about the underlying execution environment. While this model supports straightforward implementation of functionality defined in γ-Calculus, it removes all higher-order features of γ-Calculus and bases all its operations on a set of primitives that are commonly supported by any networked computational sources. In this model, a program is composed of interacting processes and communication among them is based on unicast and multicast. It also comprises mechanisms for process synchronization that ensures correct implementation of atomic captures of molecules in γ-reductions and updating of data that ensures consistency. Based on the above computation model, we proposed a module language with realistic language features. A module has a structure that is similar to that of a standard process: module name(parameter-list) begin statement-sequence end and statement-sequence can be defined using a BNF grammar (Lin2006). The method for transforming the γ-specification of the agent system into a specification in the module language is a context sensitive parsing process. A key issue in transforming the γ-specification into the module language is removing higher-order multiset operations while allowing advanced features of agent systems, such as mobility of agents, to be implementable. This is done through process control operations supported by the module language. Details of the method can be found in (Lin2006). References: [Banatre1990] Banatre, J.-P. and Le Metayer, D. “The Gamma model and its discipline of programming,” Science of Computer Programming, (15), 1990, 55-77. [Banatre1993] Banatre J.-P. and Le Metayer, D. “Programming by multiset transformation,” CACM, (36:1), 1993, 98-111. [Banâtre2004] Banâtre, J.-P., Fradet, P. and Radenac, Y. “Chemical specification of autonomic systems,” In Proc. of the 13th International Conference on Intelligent and Adaptive Systems and Software Engineering (IASSE'04), July 2004. [Banâtre2005a] Banâtre, J.-P., Fradet, P. and Radenac, Y. “Principles of chemical programming,” In S. Abdennadher and C. Ringeissen (eds.): Proc. of the 5th International Workshop on Rule-Based Programming (RULE'04), Vol. 124, ENTCS, (June), 2005, 133-147. [Banâtre2005b] Banâtre, J.-P., Fradet, P. and Radenac, Y. “Higher-order Chemical Programming Style,” In Proceedings of Unconventional Programming Paradigms, Springer-Verlag, LNCS, (3566), 2005, 84-98. [Le Metayer1994] Le Metayer, D. “Higher-order multiset processing,” DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, (18), 1994, 179-200. [Lin2004] Lin, H. “A language for specifying agent systems in E-Learning environments,” in: F.O. Lin (ed.), Designing Distributed Learning Environments with Intelligent Software Agents, 2004, 242-272. [Lin2006] Lin, H. and Yang, C. “Specifying Distributed Multi-Agent Systems in Chemical Reaction Metaphor,” The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Neural Networks, and Complex Problem-Solving Technologies, Springer-Verlag, Vol. 24, No. 2, April 2006, pp.155-168. [Louden2003] Louden, K.C. “Programming Languages – Principles and Practice,” 2nd Edition, Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning, 2003. [Paquette2001] Paquette, G. “Implementing a virtual learning center in an organization,” Proc. of ITHET-2001, Kumamoto, Japan, July 2001. [Yu2001] Yu, E. “Agent-oriented modelling: software versus the world,” Agent-Oriented Software Engineering AOSE-2001 Workshop Proceedings, LNCS 2222, Springer Verlag, 206-225.
The RFID Center of Excellence at the University of Pittsburgh is one of the world leaders in Radio Frequency Identification research and technology development. This category falls under the heading of Surveillance Technologies because we not only focus on RFID tags, readers protocols, etc., but we continue to use such remote autonomous devices that operate without wire and with or without batteries. In the "with battery" category, we have developed technology to extend the shelf life of battery equipped sensors well beyond the lifetime of known sensors or devices. I am intrigued by your email, and thus, I am sending this response to you to inquire of the nature of the projects you suggest in the email I received. I look forward to hearing from you. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely yours, Marlin H. Mickle mickle@engr.pitt.edu
The study of non-Newtonian fluids has recently attracted the attention of many researchers. This is due to the increasing importance of its applications in the industrial processing, chemical engineering and geophysics. This importance leads the authors to explore different methods to study the flow of these fluids, for example the perturbation method, the state space approach and the integral method of Karman-Pohlhausen. The Navier-Stokes equations of incompressible viscous non-Newtonian fluid, Maxwell's equations for the electrodynamics and the energy equation are the basic equations of motion of incompressible, viscous conducting non- Newtonian power-law fluids. The concept of micropolar fluids was introduced by Eringen to deal with a class of fluids which exhibits certain microscopic effects arising from the local structure and micromotions of fluid elements. These fluids contain suspensions of rigid macromolecules with individual motions which support stress and body;moments and are influenced by spin- inertia. This concept may form suitable non-Newtonian fluid models which can be used to analyze the, behavior of exotic lubricants, polymeric fluids, liquid crystals and animal blood. The motion of a thin layer close to a solid boundary with vorticity varying rapidly as, the result of combined effects of viscous diffusion and convection in this layer, and outside which the viscosity is zero (or non-zero ;and varies only slowly), has been made clear in solving Navier-Stokes equations. Non- Newtonian Fluids: For Newtonian fluid behavior, the shear stress T is related to the velocity gradient by Newtonian's law . Many fluids do obey this law, such as water, oil and gases. Although in general the absolute (dynamic) viscosity varies with temperature. This effect is significant in oils and less so in gases. A large number of fluids do not obey this simple law, and are termed non-Newtonian fluids. Examples of such fluids include ink paints, greases, sludge, paper pulp, drilling mud and polymer solutions. The shear stress depends on the velocity gradient (shear strain), elastic properties and time in some fluids. Non-Newtonian fluids can be classified as follows a. Newtornan , b Bingham plastic , c. Pseudoplastic , n < 1 , d. Dilatant , n > 1 . The index n is rarely constant over a wide range of shear, and many variations of the simple law have been developed to give a more accurate description of the fluid behavior. 3. Objectives: We will introduce a magnetohydrodynamic model of boundary-layer equations for a perfectly conducting viscoelastic fluid. This model is applied to study the effects of free convection currents with one relaxation time on the flow of a perfectly conducting viscoelastic fluid through a porous medium, which is bounded by a vertical plane surface. The state space approach is adopted for the solution of one-dimensional problems. The resulting formulation together with the Laplace transform technique is applied to a thermal shock problem and a problem for the flow between two parallel fixed plates, both without heat sources. Also a problem for the semi-infinite space in the presence of heat sources is considered. Numerical results will illustrated graphically for each problem considered. 4. Methodology: The phenomenal growth of energy requirements in recent years been attracting considerable attention all over the world. This has resulted in a continuous exploration of new ideas and avenues in harnessing various conventional energy sources. Such as tidal waves, wind power, geo- thermal energy, etc. It is obvious that in order to utilize geo- thermal energy to a maximum, one should have a complete and precise knowledge of the amount of perturbations needed to generate convection currents in geo- thermal fluid. Also, knowledge of the quantity of perturbations that are essential to initiate convection currents in mineral fluids found in the earth’s crust helps one to utilize the minimal energy to extract the minerals. For example, in the recovery of hydro-carbons from underground petroleum deposits. The use of thermal processes is increasingly gaining importance as it enhances recovery. Heat is being injected into the reservoir in the form of hot water or steam or burning part of the crude in the reservoir can generate heat. In all such thermal recovery processes, fluid flow takes place through a conducting medium and convection currents are detrimental. There is extensive literature on the through a porous media which is governed by the generalized Darcy's law. Yamamoto and Iwamura expressed the equations of flow through a highly porous medium. Raptis et al. , using these equations, studied the influences of free convective flow and mass transfer on flow through a porous medium. Raptis and Predikis , also studied influences on the oscillatory flow through a porous medium. Newtonian fluids were discussed in the above references. In technological fields another important class of fluids, called non-Newtonian fluids, are also being studied extensively because of their practical applications, such as fluid film lubrication, analysis of polymers in chemical engineering, etc. One such fluid is called viscoelastic fluid and Walters and Beard and Walters deduced the governing equations for the boundary layer flow for a prototype viscoelastic fluid, which they have designated as liquid B, when this liquid had a very short memory. The flow of viscoelastic incompressible and electrically conducting fluid past an infinite plate in the presence of a transverse magnetic field, when the plate executes simple harmonic motion parallel to itself, has been discussed by Sherief and Ezzat studied the behavior of unsteady free convection flow of a viscoelastic fluid past an infinite porous plate with constant suction. The effects of suction, free oscillations and free convection currents on flow have been studied by Soundalgekar and Patil . Singh and Singh have studied the magnetohydrodynamic flow of viscoelastic fluid past an accelerated plate. In most of the above applications , the method of solution due to Lighthill and Stuart is utilized . This method has a seve