WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development


Print ISSN: 1790-5079
E-ISSN: 2224-3496

Volume 13, 2017

Notice: As of 2014 and for the forthcoming years, the publication frequency/periodicity of WSEAS Journals is adapted to the 'continuously updated' model. What this means is that instead of being separated into issues, new papers will be added on a continuous basis, allowing a more regular flow and shorter publication times. The papers will appear in reverse order, therefore the most recent one will be on top.


Volume 13, 2017



Public Participation Project-Based Learning in Landscape Architecture

AUTHORS: Frederico Meireles Rodrigues, Luís Loures

Download as PDF

ABSTRACT: In this paper the authors present the results of a public space redesign developed under a specific public participation methodology, conducted during the course of a project-based learning as part of a landscape architecture bachelor design studio. The focus was the redevelopment of an urban square in Portugal. Methods of behavior mapping, interviews and focus group were implemented and aimed the understanding of existing pattern of occupancy and people’s level of public satisfaction, needs and preferences, and educating students on the negotiation practices and on the impact of people’s feedback over the design options. The students work has ended at the design program level, defining a zoning plan, as well as the general and specific objectives to be considered in the redesign project. The Project-based process was considered to be key to the learning process.

KEYWORDS: Public Participation, urban square, post-occupancy evaluation, project-based learning, landscape architecture.

REFERENCES:

[1] Abreu, P., New Information Technologies in Public Participation: A Challenge to Old Decision-making Institutional Frameworks. Doctoral Dissertation. MIT, Department of Urban Studies and Regional Planning, Cambridge, 2002.

[2] Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S. & Silverstein, M., A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction, Oxford University Press, 1977

[3] Augustin, S. & Coleman, C., The Designer’s Guide to Doing Research: Applying Knowledge to Inform Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

[4] Bass, S., Dalal-Clayton, B. and Pretty, J., Participation in Strategies for Sustainable Development. International Institute for Environment and Development, London, 1995.

[5] Beatley, T., Native to Nowhere: Sustaining Home and community in a global age. Washington: Island Press, 2004.

[6] Beierle, T. and Cayford, J., Democracy in Practice. Public Participation in Environmental Decisions. Resources for the future, Washington DC, 2002.

[7] Bell, S, Landscape pattern, perception and visualisation in the visual management of forests. Landscape and Urban Planning, 54(1– 4), 2001, pp. 201–211.

[8] Blumenfeld, P.C. et al. Motivating projectbased learning: sustaining the doing, supporting the learning. Educational Psychologist, 1991, 26, 369-398.

[9] Britton, M., An Evaluation of Public Involvement in Reclamation Decision Making at Three Metal Mines in British Columbia. Master Thesis. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 1998.

[10] Camagni, R., Capello, R. and Nijkamp, P., 1998. Towards Sustainable City Policy: An Economy-Environment Technology Nexus. Ecological Economics, 1998, 24: 103-118.

[11] Christensen, L., Bartuska, A., Brown, J., Carpenter, S., D’Antonio, C., Francis, R. and Franklin, J., The report of the Ecological Society of America Commitee on the Scientific Basis for Ecosystem Management. Ecological Applications, 1996, 6(3): 665-691.

[12] Cooper Marcus, C., Miller Watsky, C., Insley, E., & Francis, C., Neighborhood parks. In People Places: Design Guidlines for Urban Open Space (ed. Clare Cooper Marcus e Carolyn Francis.), Wiley, 1998.

[13] Creighton, J., The Public Participation Handbook. Making Better Decisions through Citizen Involvement. Wiley, San Francisco, 2005.

[14] Dustin, D. and Schneider, I., The widening circle: The role of democratic deliberation in outdoor recreation conflict management. Trends, 1998, 35: 27-30.

[15] Faga, B., Designing Public Consensus – The Civic Theater of Community Participation for Architects, Landscape Architects, Planners, and Urban designers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New Jersey, 2006.

[16] Fiorino, D., Environmental Policy and the Participation Gap. In: Lafferty, W. and Meadowcroft, J. (Eds.), Democracy and the Environment: Problems and Prospects. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham. pp. 194-212, 1996.

[17] Gehl Institute. A mayor’s Guide to Public Life. Gehl Institute, 2017.

[18] Gil, A., Metodologia do Ensino Superior. Atlas, São Paulo, 1994.

[19] GIPP. Operação de Reabilitação Urbana: Bairro Dr. Francisco Sá Carneiro, 3ª fase. Technical Report. 2015.

[20] Glicken J., Getting stakeholder participation “right”: A discussion of participatory processes and possible pitfalls. Environmental Science and Policy, 2000, 3: 305-310.

[21] Gregory R., McDaniels T. and Fields D., Decision adding, not dispute resolution: Creating insights through structured environmental decisions. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2001, 20: 415-432.

[22] Griffiths, E., Ling, C. and Handley, J., Community participation in the land restoration process. In: Brandt, J., Tress, B. and Tress, G. (Eds.), Multifunctional Landscapes: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Landscape Research and Management. Material for the conference on “Multifunctional Landscapes”. Centre for Landscape Research, October 18-21, 2000, Roskilde, p. 235.

[23] Grumbine, R., What is ecosystem management? Conservation Biology, 1994, 8(1): 27–38.

[24] Gunderson A., The environmental Promise of Democratic Deliberation. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1995.

[25] Hartig, J., Zarull, M., Heidtke, T. and Shah, H., 1998. Implementing Ecosystem-based Management: Lessons from the Great Lakes. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 1998, 41(1): 45-75.

[26] Hester, R. and Blazej, N., Three Phases of Participatory Landscape Architecture. Council of Educators. Landscape Architecture Conference, September 10-13, 1997, Asheville, North Carolina.

[27] INE, Portuguese National Institute of Statistics: Census 2011 Report. Available at www.ine.pt, 2011.

[28] Knoll, M., The project method: its origin and international development. Journal of Industrial Teacher Education, 1997, 34 (3), 59- 80.

[29] Krannich R. and Smith M., Local perceptions of public lands natural resource management in the rural West: Toward improved understanding of the “revolt in the West”. Society and Natural Resources, 1998, 11: 667- 695.

[30] Loures, L., Post-Industrial Landscapes as renaissance locus - the case study research methods. In: Brebbia, C., Gospodini, A. and Tiezzi, E. (Eds.), Sustainable City V. WIT Press, Southampton, 2008.

[31] Meireles Rodrigues, F., Da especificidade do parque português contemporâneo - The specificity of the contemporary portuguese park. PhD thesis University of Porto, 2015.

[32] Meireles Rodrigues, F., Loures, L. and Costa L.R., Using behaviour mapping to explore people’s occupation patterns: the study of Mondego park. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 2016, 10, pp. 117-123.

[33] Moote, M. and McClaran, M., Viewpoint: Implications of participatory democracy for public land planning. Journal of Environmental Management, 1997, 50: 473-481.

[34] Moote, M., McClaran, M. and Chickering, D., Theory in practice: Applying participatory democracy theory to public land planning. Environmental Management, 1997, 21: 877- 889.

[35] Motloch, J. L., Introduction to Landscape Design, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, 2000.

[36] Nassauer, J., Placing Nature: Culture and Landscape Ecology. Island Press, Washington DC., 1997.

[37] Ozguner, H. and Kendle, A., Public attitudes towards naturalistic versus designed landscapes in the city of Sheffield, (UK). Landscape and Urban Planning, 2006, 74(2): 139-157.

[38] Pateman, C., Participation and Democracy Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1970

[39] Regeneration of European Sites in Cities and Urban Environments (RESCUE), 2004. Best Practices in Citizen Participation for Brownfield Regeneration. Retrieved January 10, 2007, from http://www.rescue-europe.com

[40] Selman, P. and Parker, J., Citizenship, Civicness and Social Capital in Local Agenda 21. Local Environment, 1997, 2(2): 171-184.

[41] Steelman T., Elite and participatory policymaking: Finding a balance in a case of national forest planning. Policy Studies Journal, 2001, 29(1): 71-89.

[42] Steiner, F., The Living Landscape: An Ecological Approach to Landscape Planning. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000.

[43] Strobel, J. & van Barneveld, A., When is PBL More Effective? A Meta-synthesis of Metaanalyses Comparing PBL to Conventional Classrooms. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 2009, 3(1).

[44] Taylor, M., Communities in the Lead: Organizational Capacity and Social Capital. Urban Studies, 2000, 37(5): 1019-1035.

[45] Triviños, A., Introdução à pesquisa em ciências sociais: A pesquisa qualitativa em educação. Atlas, São Paulo, 1995.

[46] Webler, T., Tuler, S. and Krueger R., What is a good public participation process? Five perspectives from the public. Environmental Management, 2001 3: 435-450.

[47] Whyte, W.H., The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, Conservation Foundation, 1980.

[48] World Bank., Governance and Development. The World Bank, Washington DC, 1992.

WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, ISSN / E-ISSN: 1790-5079 / 2224-3496, Volume 13, 2017, Art. #46, pp. 441-451


Copyright © 2017 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

Bulletin Board

Currently:

The editorial board is accepting papers.


WSEAS Main Site